Using URLs
In Salesforce, each record ID will be displayed in the record's URL
Navigate to the Record
View the URL
Select the Record ID following
Object
/
Reports:
Create a new Report on the object that houses the records
Pull in Fields for Record ID and any other identifiers that you'd need to classify the record (Record Name)
Export the report (how-to here)
Exports:
You may also be familiar with certain export tools like Salesforce Chrome Extension "Inspector" or using the "Export" function in Setup > Export. You can always use these types of tools as well